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Technical Architecture

This document outlines the technical architecture of PulseCRM, including its structure, technologies, and implementation patterns.

System Overview​

PulseCRM is built using:

  • Next.js for the frontend and API routes
  • PostgreSQL for data storage
  • Drizzle for database management
  • React Query for data fetching
  • Tailwind CSS for styling
  • Lucide for icons

Architecture Layers​

Frontend Layer​

Core Technologies​

  • React 18+
  • Next.js 13+ (App Router)
  • TypeScript
  • TanStack Query (React Query)
  • Tailwind CSS
  • Shadcn UI Components

Key Features​

  • Server-side rendering
  • Client-side navigation
  • Optimistic updates
  • Real-time capabilities
  • Responsive design

API Layer​

Implementation​

  • Next.js API Routes
  • RESTful endpoints
  • JWT authentication
  • Rate limiting
  • Request validation

Features​

  • Route handlers
  • Middleware support
  • Error handling
  • Response caching
  • Status monitoring

Database Layer​

Technologies​

  • PostgreSQL
  • Drizzle ORM
  • Connection pooling
  • Migration management
  • Query optimization

Features​

  • Type safety
  • Migration tools
  • Query building
  • Relationship management
  • Performance optimization

Implementation Patterns​

Component Architecture​

UI Components​

// Base component structure
interface ComponentProps {
  data: any;
  onAction: (data: any) => void;
  disabled?: boolean;
}

// Implementation pattern
const Component: React.FC<ComponentProps> = ({
  data,
  onAction,
  disabled
}) => {
  // Component logic
  return (
    // JSX structure
  );
};

Data Fetching​

// React Query pattern
const useData = (params: QueryParams) => {
  return useQuery({
    queryKey: ['data', params],
    queryFn: async () => {
      const response = await fetch('/api/data');
      if (!response.ok) throw new Error('Network error');
      return response.json();
    }
  });
};

State Management​

Client State​

  • React Query for server state
  • React Context for shared state
  • Local state for component state
  • URL state for navigation

Server State​

  • Database persistence
  • Cache management
  • Real-time updates
  • State synchronization

Authentication Flow​

Database Design​

Schema Management​

Migration Pattern​

// Drizzle migration example
import { pgTable, serial, text, timestamp } from 'drizzle-orm/pg-core';

export const users = pgTable('users', {
  id: serial('id').primaryKey(),
  email: text('email').notNull().unique(),
  createdAt: timestamp('created_at').defaultNow(),
  updatedAt: timestamp('updated_at').defaultNow()
});

Relationship Pattern​

// Relationship definition
export const accounts = pgTable('accounts', {
  id: serial('id').primaryKey(),
  name: text('name').notNull(),
  userId: integer('user_id').references(() => users.id)
});

Query Patterns​

Read Operations​

// Efficient query pattern
const getUser = async (id: number) => {
  return await db.query.users.findFirst({
    where: eq(users.id, id),
    with: {
      accounts: true
    }
  });
};

Write Operations​

// Transaction pattern
const createUserWithAccount = async (data: UserData) => {
  return await db.transaction(async (tx) => {
    const user = await tx.insert(users).values(data.user);
    await tx.insert(accounts).values({
      ...data.account,
      userId: user.id
    });
    return user;
  });
};

API Design​

Endpoint Structure​

// API route pattern
export default async function handler(
  req: NextApiRequest,
  res: NextApiResponse
) {
  try {
    // Authentication
    const user = await authenticate(req);

    // Authorization
    await authorize(user, 'required_permission');

    // Request validation
    const data = await validateRequest(req.body);

    // Business logic
    const result = await processRequest(data);

    // Response
    return res.status(200).json(result);
  } catch (error) {
    handleError(error, res);
  }
}

Middleware Pattern​

// Authentication middleware
export const withAuth = async (
  req: NextApiRequest,
  res: NextApiResponse,
  next: () => Promise<void>
) => {
  try {
    const token = getTokenFromHeader(req);
    const user = await verifyToken(token);
    req.user = user;
    await next();
  } catch (error) {
    res.status(401).json({ error: 'Unauthorized' });
  }
};

Security Implementation​

Authentication​

  • JWT token management
  • Session handling
  • Password hashing
  • MFA support
  • Rate limiting

Authorization​

  • Role-based access control
  • Permission validation
  • Resource protection
  • Audit logging
  • Security headers

Data Protection​

  • Input validation
  • Output sanitization
  • SQL injection prevention
  • XSS protection
  • CSRF protection

Performance Optimization​

Caching Strategy​

  • React Query caching
  • API response caching
  • Database query caching
  • Static asset caching
  • CDN integration

Query Optimization​

  • Efficient indexes
  • Query planning
  • Connection pooling
  • Batch operations
  • Lazy loading

Error Handling​

Client-Side​

// Error boundary pattern
class ErrorBoundary extends React.Component {
  state = { hasError: false };

  static getDerivedStateFromError(error) {
    return { hasError: true };
  }

  render() {
    if (this.state.hasError) {
      return <ErrorFallback />;
    }
    return this.props.children;
  }
}

Server-Side​

// Error handling middleware
const errorHandler = (
  error: Error,
  req: NextApiRequest,
  res: NextApiResponse
) => {
  logger.error(error);
  
  if (error instanceof ValidationError) {
    return res.status(400).json({
      error: 'Validation Error',
      details: error.details
    });
  }

  return res.status(500).json({
    error: 'Internal Server Error'
  });
};